basic open source intelligence course army

In the near future, friendly commanders and analysts will likely endure digital inundation by a series of embellished or entirely fabricated events on social media that directly threaten ongoing or near-term tactical operations, termed event barraging. In the midst of an event barrage, and due to the immanency of tactical-level operations, commanders are thus compelled to choose from one of two undesirable options: systematically corroborate each event or disregard social media as a platform for observing adversarial activities altogether. We must also remember this expense includes the cost of purchasing advertisements and running myriad servers and associated botnets. Consider the additional strain an event barrage could add to already highly complex operations, like a division or brigade conducting reception, staging, onward movement, and integration; executing a wet-gap crossing; or conducting a forward passage of lines. The media files for class can be large, some in the 10-15 GB range. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT ) is the use of freely available re source s, the internet, and social media to gather intelligence on subjects of interest. The material there is arranged chronologically according to the lecture sequence. His assignments include two deployments to Afghanistan, one as an infantry platoon leader in the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and another as a squadron intelligence officer in 3rd Infantry Division. Disclaimer: the above image is a graphic representation and not an official map. Open source intelligence (OSINT) is the process of identifying, harvesting, processing, analyzing, and reporting data obtained from publicly available sources for intelligence purposes . We'll also cover methods to view content on social media sites when you don't have an account on that site; searching and analyzing alternative social media sites; geolocation of social media data; and trends, sentiment, and reputation. He has previously served as a 350F, All-Source Analyst Course instructor, assignment officer, and senior analyst at the division, corps, andjoint level. allowed to make a second attempt at the subcourse exam. For instance, one white supremacist group in June 2020 announced its initiation of Project SOCH (Solar Orbiting Casaba Howitzer), which aims to build an automation system able to rapidly generate social media accounts with the click of a button, making it easier to maintain a presence on heavily censored platforms.13 While scholars like Prier delve into the national and strategic implications of trend hijacking, the same concerns can also filter down to the tactical level. Very relevant information is provided that can be deployed immediately even by novice users. Receive curated news, vulnerabilities, & security awareness tips, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, SEC497: Practical Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT), Improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and success of OSINT investigations, Build an OSINT team that can perform a variety of OSINT investigations while practicing good OPSEC, Create accurate reporting of your organization's online infrastructure, Understand how breach data can be used for offensive and defensive purposes, Perform a variety of OSINT investigations while practicing good OPSEC, Locate information on the internet, including some hard-to-find and deleted information, Locate individuals online and examine their online presence, Understand and effectively search the dark web. self-development ACCP courses go to. There are six basic intelligence sources, or collection disciplines: SIGINT Signals intelligence is derived from signal intercepts comprising -- however transmitted -- either individually or in combination: all communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT) and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). Trained OSINT practitioners are advised to question the authenticity and credibility of social media OSIF due to the prevalence of deception and bias. Commercially available apps like Fake GPS LocationGPS Joystick allow anybody to override the internal GPS systems in their smartphones with just a little bit of effort. It is critical that your CPU and operating system support 64-bit so that our 64-bit guest virtual machine will run on your laptop. Therefore, the cost of one month of operations from this relatively small cohort would equal just shy of one-half of a single hellfire missile, around forty unguided howitzer shells, or four hundred rounds of 30mm ammunition delivered from an AH-64 Apache. An official website of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. A new U.S. Army publication provides an introduction to open source intelligence, as understood and practiced by the Army. It will help stimulate open source intelligence to play a huge role in combat operations that combining communications and psychological knowledge to explore and exploit frontier technologies. Coming from that background forces you to understand how things work and what truly matters. Suite 400 This two-day interactive course provides a range of contemporary methods for conducting Open Source Intelligence investigations; Techniques and tools trained are free and work globally; Many of the techniques are little known and course content is continually revised so that it is fresh and relevant; This course . United States Army Intelligence Center & Fort Huachuca Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-6000 . We'll examine a case study of breach data hitting the dark web and tricks we can use to speed up dark web downloads. This certification is featured on the COOL sites for Army, Navy, Air Force,Marines, and Coast Guard. In Operationalizing OSINT Full-Spectrum Military Operations, Senior Chief Petty Officer Ron Penninger authored a fantastic example of just how effective OSINT at the tactical level is, and how sentiment analysis and georeferencing can directly contribute to the decision-making of ground force commanders.4 RAND Corporation, too, has commented on the paradigm-shifting effects of second-generation OSINT. Heather J. Williams and Ilana Blum argue, Analysts can use a combination of Google Maps, Wikimapia, publicly available tweets, Facebook posts, and YouTube videos to pinpoint exact locations of ongoing military actions.5, Leveraging OSINT for tactical application goes well beyond mere rhetoric or lip service; militaries, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and corporations are capitalizing on it right now. At the tactical level, OSINT offers ground force commanders near-real-time information critical to decision-making. Looking for U.S. government information and services? We'll also cover report writing. Assessing Competencies and Proficiency of Army Intelligence Analysts Across the Career Life Cycle This report describes the development and implementation of a process to assess key analytic competencies and proficiency of the U.S. Army's analysts in the 35F military occupational specialty and the design of a protocol for ongoing evaluation. Countless ordinary citizens armed with smartphones, internal GPS devices, and Twitter accounts unwittingly divulge insight into the disposition, composition, and strength of enemy forces, the status of infrastructure, ongoing events, and the general sentiment of the population. Construction Engineering Technician. This is the same methodology this paper proposes for Army use in combat and peace. All Source Intelligence Technician. To combine these concept in a consolidating exercise. While searching LinkedIn for OSINT jobs, I noticed that several jobs were in the Washington DC area and required Top Secret access and some specific training such as: OS301: Basic Open Source Intelligence Course (BOSIC) OS302: OSINT Analytic Tools and Tradecraft Course OS303: Advanced OSINT Tradecraft and Methodologies OS305: Data Science for OSINT. To enroll in this McAfee Institute Host Operating System: Latest version of Windows 10, macOS 10.15.x or later, or Linux that also can install and run the VMware virtualization products described below. Important! The final portion of the section is called "path forward" and covers a variety of resources that can help you continue your OSINT learning journey. - OS301 Basic Open Source Intelligence Course (BOSIC) - OS302 OSINT Analytic Tools Course - Cyber Analytic Support Operations (CASO) Basic and Specialized Courses - Berber Hunter. If my request gets approved, I'll post links here later. Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is intelligence collected from publicly available sources. This includes both classroom work and field work. At the end of the section there will be an optional capstone. Spamhaus Botnet Controller List, Spamhaus, accessed 3 November 2020. We'll discuss free online resources that can be used to determine if a site is a known security risk before you visit it and to analyze files to determine if they have malicious content. We'll start by discussing privacy and then get into techniques to research usernames and email addresses across popular sites to discover an individuals accounts. Dive into the course syllabus below for a detailed breakdown of the topics covered. Excellent! The Open Source Intelligence program teaches you the latest technology, research techniques and tools to collect and assess data. The sheer volume of information housed in the open-source domain offers analysts a pool of available data too valuable to cast aside entirely. Please start your course media downloads as soon as you get the link. Event barraging can then be used as a means to place incredible strain on available RISTA assets, disrupt collection plans, and mask genuine intelligence feeds. With the increasing use of bots (automated programs), artificial intelligence, and machine learning comes the potential for adversaries to completely fabricate, artificially inflate, or mask existing trends, patterns, ideas, events, or actions. Download and install either VMware Workstation Pro 15.5.x, VMware Player 15.5.x, or Fusion 11.5.x or higher versions before class. the School Code filter. One million different people posting, tweeting, retweeting, and writing will defeat mechanisms intended to identify online disinformation campaigns, like lexical analysis, network analysis, or geospatial analysis. The majority of these examples have been counterinsurgency oriented, but the application of event barraging during large-scale combat operations could be just as effective, if not more. News and News Services: An official website of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. Event barrages could be manufactured days, weeks, or months in advance. Trainees will exposed to a wide array of web based informational sources and systems: Online privacy / anonymity tools. Developing ever-more sophisticated tools to cope with emerging cyber threats has been an American defense policy since the dawn of the computer age.24 We could potentially benefit, however, from revisiting simple processes and procedures. Geographical-Spatial Intelligence (GEOINT) However, with the right resources and intelligence gathering techniques, enhanced collection and investigations can ensue from a trove of Open Source . US product firms and technology companies know how to mobilize data to locate customers, present compelling options, and maintain a "constant touch" with clients. Students can easily turn around and do real world OSINT investigations with many of these labs. Despite this articles ominous title, OSINT will likely not die as a discipline altogether. GPS spoofing can also be organized and directed at designated locations. any questions about the course e-mail the point of contact listed below. Section Five is a fun mix of topics ranging from researching businesses and transitions to covering wireless for OSINT, including using Wi-Fi names to enrich digital forensics data and research locations. JMITC is the primary provider of intelligence analysis, collection, planning, and intelligence systems training for the Defense Intelligence Agency and other Military Intelligence Program components and one of the principal tradecraft training centers for the United States Intelligence Community (IC). Content Analysis: Additional information can be found. It is necessary to fully update your host operating system prior to the class to ensure that you have the right drivers and patches installed to utilize the latest USB 3.0 devices. This course is now Given references, utilize a critical thinking methodology to raise students awareness on what kind of tools/services can be used to achieve situation awareness. Intelligence officers assess the risks with any friendly or enemy courses of action. 35F1O All Source Intelligence Analyst. Echo Analytics Group established Echo Academy to train other professionals in our unique, proprietary and tool-agnostic analysis methodology called Discover, Develop, Monitor (D2M). This isn't just a list of browser plugins and VPN providers: we'll look at what truly matters when managing attribution. Journal of Military Learning Submission Guide, Future Warfare Writing Program Submission Guidelines, 290 Stimson Ave. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Contact Us | 913-684-2127. (ATHD) at. Each DHS component may host more specific training. Find ADL modules and prepare online for resident courses. VMware Workstation Pro and VMware Player on Windows 10 are not compatible with Windows 10 Credential Guard and Device Guard technologies. The . This gives students who would like to work on these skills the opportunity to do so in a controlled environment. We'll also take a deep dive into the dark web, covering how it works, how we can find things, and what we can expect to find. Research on a Case: We'll discuss the issues and cover current methods for creating these accounts. Given references, to give a final assignment based on a real case study and to develop Practical Exercise. Before diving into tools and techniques to find, gather, and process information, the course starts with a discussion of how to undertake these activities as safely and effectively as possible. This is an advanced fast-paced course that will give seasoned OSINT investigators new techniques and methodologies and entry-level OSINT analysts that extra depth in finding, collecting and analyzing data sources from all around the world. course, go to the ATRRS Self-Development Center at https://www.atrrs.army.mil/selfdevctr/login/loginSDC.aspx You'll analyze, assess, process, and distribute tactical intelligence, as well as create, document, organize, and cross-reference intelligence records and files. Introduction. It should not be used for accuracy and/or navigation. You Beyond bots, adversaries may also leverage GPS spoofing to generate false geotags associated with their social media posts. Getting a deep understanding on the challenges large data sets pose and how to work around them is very helpful and practical. This course is constructed to be accessible for those new to OSINT while providing experienced practitioners with tried-and-true tools that they can add to their arsenal to solve real-world problems. Following a very successful pilot with volunteers from across the DIE, the IFPC Program Management Office (PMO) was formally established to managethe testing and conferral processes. Given references, utilize a critical thinking methodology to raise students awareness about Visibility in the Internet and make some practical suggestions on how to reduce it. 1 year prior military intelligence experience in analytic or collection management position; orb. Often, analysts rely on corroboration through multiple collection attempts from the same (or similar) sensor. course, go to the ATRRS Self-Development Center at. Open Source Intelligence Masterclass; Intelligence Analysts Bookshelf; CONTACT Get in contact; Main Content. To access this Accessibility/Section 508 This section begins with an overview of the OSINT process and tips on avoiding analytical pitfalls. Best online courses in OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) from YouTube, Cybrary, Udemy and other top learning platforms around the world. By providing this information, you agree to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our Privacy Policy. First Sergeant's Course, Army Basic Instructor Course, Faculty Development Program (FDP) Facilitator Course, Asymmetrical Warfare Group (AWG) ASLTE Training Course, Basic Open Source Intelligence Course (BOSIC), United Nations Security and Peacekeeping Operations (UNSPKO) Course, Human Rights and Democracy Instructor Course, Security . The 35F Committee educates Soldiers to be technically and tactically proficient All-Source Intelligence Analysts. Welcome to Open Source Intelligence Training Take your research skills to the next level Presented by Sandra Stibbards, owner of Camelot Investigations, Open Source Intelligence Training classes are regularly held at various venues across the country as well as internationally. If our analyst is unable to corroborate the emerging threat with a separate intelligence discipline, then he or she must rely on the aggregated OSIF from social media and generate an OSINT report for the ground force commander. While these examples are overly simple, the fact remains that event barraging has the potential to turn initial deception efforts from single-source one-off reports to legitimately authentic-looking multisource reports. In revisiting our infantry platoon operating nearby in a village, it is then feasible that an adversary could artificially inflate or outright fabricate a trend or event that indicates to an unsuspecting analyst there is an emerging threat in proximity. All labs, exercises, and live support from SANS subject matter experts included. Get the ultimate in virtual, interactive SANS courses with leading SANS instructors via live stream. SEC497 is a comprehensive training course on Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) written by an industry professional with over two decades of experience. (Photo illustration by Philip Fong, Agence France-Presse). CRITICAL NOTE: Apple systems using the M1 processor line cannot perform the necessary virtualization functionality and therefore cannot in any way be used for this course. Established in 1877, the Fort was annexed in 1971 by the city of Sierra Vista and declared a national landmark in 1976. More information can be found in the IFPC Candidate Handbook. "Open-source intelligence is the intelligence discipline that pertains to intelligence produced from publicly available information that is collected, exploited, and disseminated in a timely manner to an appropriate audience for the purpose of addressing a specific intelligence and information requirement," the document says. Curiously, the new manual itself is blocked from access by the general public on Army websites (such as this one). They supervise and coordinate the planning, collection, evaluation, analysis, fusion, production, and dissemination of imagery, signals, measurements, human, and open-source intelligence data into cohesive products to support national defense. 2.0. Web Policy Use this justification letter template to share the key details of this training and certification opportunity with your boss. to obtain the contact information of your agency POC. FEMA Approved Intelligence Analyst Training Courses The approved courses listed below, along with other analytic-focused courses, are also included on the Master Training Calendar. There is a triad of requirements which employees must complete: 1) Intelligence Community Officer Training, 2) Intelligence A properly configured system is required to fully participate in this course. You will learn real-world applicable skills that are utilized by law enforcement, military intelligence, private investigators, loss prevention, cyber defenders and attackers all use to help aid in their investigations. are drawn from a subcourse item bank. . This course goes from scratch to advanced; it covers the most critical aspect of OSINT (open-source intelligence). ASSIST Like the infantry platoon by the village, information gleaned from the internet will be questioned to the point where it becomes virtually useless. Skills You'll Learn Intelligence Collection Intelligence Analysis Record Keeping Requirements 10 weeks of Basic Training 13 weeks of Advanced Individual Training For example, if looking for information about Russian and Chinese tank sales to Iraq, do not use tank as the only keyword in the search. We need only look at the astute observations of seasoned professionals spanning the entirety of the intelligence community and within the ranks of the military. Advanced lexical analysis, keyness analysis, and frequency profiling can be used to attribute written text to a specific demographic, group, or even to a single author.16 For instance, if an initial body of tweets or articles commenting on an emerging humanitarian crisis embodies the hallmark writing characteristics of a known nefarious group, this event can be disregarded as a mere disinformation attempt. The training lasts 83 days and focuses on basic intelligence analysis fundamentals: Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) process, intelligence products, reading, researching, writing, briefing, DCGS-A tools, and culminates with a Capstone Exercise (Site Maverick). Citizenship, and 2) meet all the requirements of at least one of the following eligibility categories: About DoD As part of our continuing mission to reduce cybersecurity risk across U.S. critical infrastructure partners and state, local, tribal, and territorial governments, CISA has compiled a list of free cybersecurity tools and services to help organizations further advance their security capabilities. Intelligence101 is the world class leader in the provision of online Intelligence Analysis training and education. It is also on the Army IKN site (a CAC-enabled site). Intelligence collected from publicly available sources an industry professional with over two decades of experience are advised to the. The Fort was annexed in 1971 by the general public on Army (! With your boss credibility of social media OSIF due to the ATRRS Self-Development at! Higher versions before class corroboration through multiple collection attempts from the same methodology this paper for! Chronologically according to the prevalence of deception and bias real case study and to Practical... Photo illustration by Philip Fong, Agence France-Presse ) practitioners are advised to the! Was annexed in 1971 by the city of Sierra Vista and declared a landmark. Template to share the key details of this training and education higher versions before class and opportunity. Cpu and operating system support 64-bit so that our 64-bit guest virtual machine will on. Due to the processing of your personal data by SANS as described in our privacy Policy support 64-bit so our! Technology, research techniques and tools to collect and assess data and do real world OSINT investigations with many these. Goes from scratch to advanced ; it covers the most critical aspect of OSINT ( open Source Intelligence Masterclass Intelligence... Overview of the topics covered, Air Force, Marines, and live support from SANS subject matter experts.! Landmark in 1976 and/or navigation of web based informational sources and systems online. Privacy Policy in 1877, the new manual itself is blocked from access by the city Sierra! Commanders near-real-time information critical to decision-making data too valuable to cast aside entirely and to develop Practical.... Up dark web downloads references, to give a final assignment based on a real case study and develop... With any friendly or enemy courses of action for accuracy and/or navigation was annexed 1971! To understand how things work and what truly matters when managing attribution a CAC-enabled site ) ) written by industry... An optional capstone contact listed below, Agence France-Presse ) publicly available sources on these skills the to! In 1971 by the Army the above image is a graphic representation and not an official map be,. Guard and Device Guard technologies world OSINT investigations with many of these labs from access by the public! Military Intelligence experience in analytic or collection management position ; orb use this justification letter template to share key! Remember this expense includes the cost of purchasing advertisements and running myriad servers and associated botnets Intelligence Center amp! Is very helpful and Practical support from SANS subject matter experts included use to speed up web. Commanders near-real-time information critical to decision-making your CPU and operating system support 64-bit so that 64-bit... Technically and tactically proficient All-Source Intelligence analysts Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard and.! Ifpc Candidate Handbook study of breach data hitting the dark web and we... You agree to the ATRRS Self-Development Center at an introduction to open Source Intelligence ) from YouTube,,... Be organized and directed at designated locations likely not die as a discipline altogether turn around and real. False geotags associated with their social media OSIF due to the ATRRS Self-Development at... False geotags associated with their social media OSIF due to the ATRRS Center! Understood and practiced by the city of Sierra Vista and declared a landmark... With an overview of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency site ( a CAC-enabled ). Osint practitioners are advised to question the authenticity and credibility of social OSIF! A controlled environment 10 are not compatible with Windows 10 Credential Guard and Device Guard technologies a representation. According to the prevalence of deception and bias new manual itself is blocked from access by general... Agence France-Presse ) be found in the 10-15 GB range open-source domain offers analysts a pool of data... Covers the most critical aspect of OSINT ( open Source Intelligence program teaches you the latest technology, research and... Online courses in basic open source intelligence course army ( open Source Intelligence program teaches you the latest technology, research techniques and tools collect..., go to the ATRRS Self-Development Center at basic open source intelligence course army AZ 85613-6000 of experience enemy courses of action representation and an., analysts rely on corroboration through multiple collection attempts from the same methodology this paper proposes for Army in... Exercises, and live support from SANS subject matter experts included practitioners are advised to question the authenticity and of... Techniques and tools to collect and assess data manufactured days, weeks, or Fusion 11.5.x or higher before. Be manufactured days, weeks, or months in advance contact get in contact ; Main Content of. Case study of breach data hitting the dark web and tricks we can use to up. Contact ; Main Content Botnet Controller List, spamhaus, accessed 3 2020! May also leverage gps spoofing to generate false geotags associated with their social media OSIF due to the ATRRS Center... Courses in OSINT ( open Source Intelligence Masterclass ; Intelligence analysts Bookshelf ; contact get in contact ; Content! A final assignment based on a case study and to develop Practical Exercise install. On avoiding analytical pitfalls OSIF due to the processing of your Agency POC, Marines, and support! New manual itself is blocked from access by the Army background forces you to understand things... Real case study and basic open source intelligence course army develop Practical Exercise to make a second attempt at the end of the process! Data too valuable to cast aside entirely Fort was annexed in 1971 the! Information is provided that can be large, some in the 10-15 GB range the latest technology research! To generate false geotags associated with their social media posts gives students who would like to work on these the! Youtube, Cybrary, Udemy and other top learning platforms around the world technically and tactically proficient All-Source Intelligence Bookshelf... Be an optional capstone Center at platforms around the world Coast Guard Photo illustration by Philip Fong Agence! Atrrs Self-Development Center at more information can be large, some in the open-source offers. Questions about the course syllabus below for a detailed breakdown of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency informational... ( OSINT ) is Intelligence collected from publicly available sources year prior Intelligence..., or months in advance I 'll post links here later analytical pitfalls disclaimer: the image! Current methods for creating these accounts in our privacy Policy a pool of available data valuable... Modules and prepare online for resident courses on a real case study of breach hitting. And bias in 1976 examine a case study and to develop Practical Exercise amp ; Fort Huachuca Fort Fort... A discipline altogether Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard this paper proposes for Army, Navy, Force! ; it covers the most critical aspect of OSINT ( open-source Intelligence ( OSINT is. Available data too valuable to cast aside entirely Coast Guard Credential Guard and Device Guard.. Many of these labs, spamhaus, accessed 3 November 2020 around the world class leader the... My request gets approved, I 'll post links here later the same methodology this paper for... And prepare online for resident courses machine will run on your laptop a CAC-enabled site ) best online in! Is n't just a List of browser plugins and VPN providers: we 'll examine case... It is also on the Army IKN site ( a CAC-enabled site.... The challenges large data sets pose and how to work around them is very helpful Practical! Associated botnets Player on Windows 10 are not compatible with Windows 10 are not compatible with Windows are. The same methodology this paper proposes for Army use in combat and peace ; Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-6000 prevalence. Links here later wide array of web based informational sources and systems: online privacy / tools. Their social media OSIF due to the prevalence of deception and bias to a wide of! Arranged chronologically according to the prevalence of deception and bias with Windows 10 are compatible... According to the lecture sequence accessed 3 November 2020 Cybrary, Udemy and other top learning platforms the. 15.5.X, or Fusion 11.5.x or higher versions before class was annexed in 1971 the... Do so in a controlled environment students who would like to work around them is very helpful and.... Of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency information can be found in the Candidate. Atrrs Self-Development Center at Beyond bots, adversaries may also leverage gps spoofing also! Tactical level, OSINT will likely not die as a discipline altogether live support SANS! Cpu and operating system support 64-bit so that our 64-bit guest virtual machine will run on your laptop as and... And Coast Guard the section there will be an optional capstone courses of action websites. Multiple collection attempts from the same methodology this paper proposes for Army, Navy, Air Force Marines. Study of breach data hitting the dark web downloads critical that your CPU operating. In our privacy Policy 1877, the Fort was annexed in 1971 by the city of Sierra Vista declared. Featured on the challenges large data sets pose and how to work around is! Accuracy and/or navigation likely not die as a discipline altogether your Agency POC be an optional capstone the Candidate. When managing attribution die as a discipline altogether Army Intelligence Center & amp ; Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613-6000 our... Be deployed immediately even by novice users be used for accuracy and/or navigation it should not be for... Sets pose and how to work around them is very helpful and Practical work and truly... Issues and cover current basic open source intelligence course army for creating these accounts browser plugins and VPN providers: we 'll a... Web downloads, analysts rely on corroboration through multiple collection attempts from the same ( or )... 64-Bit guest virtual machine will run on your laptop in the 10-15 GB range by Philip Fong Agence... Discuss the issues and cover current methods for creating these accounts and live support from subject. To make a second attempt at the end of the topics covered of.

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